三维点云边缘提取算法已被广泛用于海岸线的提取中。相较于海岸线，河岸线存在高程变化大、易被树木遮挡等问题，将海岸线提取算法直接应用于河岸线提取存在较多的局限性。本文提出了一种基于线扫描激光点云的复杂环境下河岸线精确提取的方法，实现了河流岸线高程不一致、河岸被树冠遮挡情况下河岸边缘点的精准提取。设计了一种自适应高程阈值动态调整方法，通过对高程进行实时统计，使得高程阈值能够自适应地变化并克服树木遮挡造成的岸线不连续的问题，以此获取更加真实的岸线信息。同时，将法向渐变作为约束条件，能在实现对提取的边缘点云滤波的同时构造出完整、平滑的河岸矢量线。最后，利用真实无人机载激光雷达数据验证了本文所提方法的有效性和精度。本文方法获取的岸线与真实岸线的均方根误差分别为0.2018 m和0.2675 m，本文方法获取的河岸线具有较高的完整性。本研究为复杂情况下的河岸边缘提取提供了一种高效精确的方法。

富锂锰基正极材料由于具有较高的理论比容量，被认为是下一代锂电池最有前途的正极材料之一。但在循环过程中存在比容量低、倍率性能差、衰减速度快等问题。基于此，本文采用水热法制备了多晶型MnO2材料，并利用湿化学研磨法结合热处理工艺对商业富锂锰基正极材料进行了表面包覆改性。通过循环伏安、恒流充放电及电化学阻抗谱对所得材料进行电化学性能测试，并通过包覆前后材料电化学性能的变化研究了多晶型MnO2对富锂锰基正极材料电化学性能的影响。结果表明，β-MnO2的电化学性能最佳，其初始比容量在0.1 C下达到292.2 mAh·g-1，在0.1~5.0 C的倍率下容量保持率为56.3%，在1 C下循环50次后容量保持率为81.6%。通过EIS测试得出β-MnO2的包覆改善了原样品电化学反应过程中的电化学动力学。

为促进不同粒径再生砖混骨料的多元化利用,本试验采用再生砖混细骨料完全代替石英砂,采用不同掺量聚丙烯纤维制备再生砖混工程水泥基复合材料(ECC),研究其受力破坏特征、强度影响机理及微观结构对力学性能的影响。结果表明:未掺纤维的再生砖混ECC的失效模式为脆性破坏,而掺纤维的再生砖混ECC受拉时具有明显的应变硬化特征,随着纤维掺量的增加,其抗折强度、极限抗拉强度和极限拉应变持续增大,抗压强度呈先增大后减小趋势,表现出良好的延性和韧性破坏特征; 再生砖混ECC的孔隙率在11.28%~13.68%,通过SEM观察,发现纤维与再生砖混ECC黏结性能较好,纤维破坏模式主要为拔出和拉断破坏,开裂后应变硬化拉伸幅度和拉伸强度低于普通ECC混凝土; 新旧浆体界面黏结性能相对薄弱,破坏时微裂缝容易在界面过渡区产生和发展。

本文利用第一性原理计算并结合玻尔兹曼输运方程, 预测了一种热电性能优良的新型Bi2Te3基材料, 即单层BiSbTeSe2。通过系统计算单层BiSbTeSe2的电子能带结构和热电输运性质, 发现单层BiSbTeSe2在300 K时的塞贝克系数达到最高值(522 μV· K-1), 在500 K时功率因子与弛豫时间的比值最大为5.78 W· m-1·K-2·s-1。除此之外, 单层BiSbTeSe2还具有较低的晶格热导率和较高的迁移率。在最佳p型掺杂下, 单层BiSbTeSe2在500 K时的热电优值 ZT高达3.95。单层BiSbTeSe2的优良性能表明其在300~500 K的中温热电器件领域具有潜在的应用价值, 可以为进一步开发高性能Bi2Te3基热电材料提供设计依据。

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is suitable for biological samples because of its relatively low-peak illumination intensity requirement and high imaging speed. The system resolution is affected by two typical detection modes: Point detection and area detection. However, a systematic analysis of the imaging performance of the different detection modes of the system has rarely been conducted. In this study, we compared laser point scanning point detection (PS-PD) and point scanning area detection (PS-AD) imaging in nonconfocal microscopy through theoretical analysis and simulated imaging. The results revealed that the imaging resolutions of PS-PD and PS-AD depend on excitation and emission point spread functions (PSFs), respectively. Especially, we combined the second harmonic generation (SHG) of point detection (P-SHG) and area detection (A-SHG) with SIM to realize a nonlinear SIM-imaging technique that improves the imaging resolution. Moreover, we analytically and experimentally compared the nonlinear SIM performance of P-SHG with that of A-SHG.

Super-resolution optical imaging is crucial to the study of cellular processes. Current super-resolution fluorescence microscopy is restricted by the need of special fluorophores or sophisticated optical systems, or long acquisition and computational times. In this work, we present a deep-learning-based super-resolution technique of confocal microscopy. We devise a two-channel attention network (TCAN), which takes advantage of both spatial representations and frequency contents to learn a more precise mapping from low-resolution images to high-resolution ones. This scheme is robust against changes in the pixel size and the imaging setup, enabling the optimal model to generalize to different fluorescence microscopy modalities unseen in the training set. Our algorithm is validated on diverse biological structures and dual-color confocal images of actin-microtubules, improving the resolution from ~ 230 nm to ~ 110 nm. Last but not least, we demonstrate live-cell super-resolution imaging by revealing the detailed structures and dynamic instability of microtubules.

本文基于光学相机成像效应仿真模型, 提出了一种航空红外相机典型故障效应仿真方法。在对航空红外相机的光学系统、探测器、电子电路信号对成像效应进行深入仿真的基础上, 对不同类型成像故障效应进行了模拟, 采用典型故障的成像表现评价指标进行全面验证评价。研究结果表明: 基于红外相机成像效应的仿真模型可有效模拟多种故障成像效应, 能对装备的使用维护、试验鉴定中的故障的初步分析发挥重要的指导作用。